In gem trading, as well as in gemology, there are many issues that have not been yet clearly defined, neither universally agreed. In many cases, their meaning is purposely distorted by gem traders for the simple reason to upgrade their products they sell and ask for more money. These "gray-area" issues are subject to various interpretations serving different purposes. Gem & jewelry trade organizations, educational institutions and other members of the industry remain apathetic to these issues. My thoughts are expressed in my Gemlab Reports writings and in my books.

At this time the following topics are discussed:

1. Information on Gem Treatments

2. Heat-Treating Processes of Ruby - Sapphire

3. Heat-Treatment equipment of Ruby - Sapphire

4 Lead-filled Rubies

5. Cost Effectiveness in Heating Ruby - Sapphire

6. Heat-Treatment Technology in Ruby - Sapphire

7. Detection of Beryllium in Corundum using the LIBS Method

8. Gray Areas in Gemology

9. Gemological microscopes: What you should know